Global warming affects all people on Earth
Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability [pdf] the report of Working Group II of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which took six years to assemble and draws from the 2500 survey Scientists more than 130 countries also makes clear that while the poor around the world will suffer most from the effects of global warming, no person on Earth will escape the consequences. The effects of global warming will be felt in all regions and all levels of society.

“It is the poorest of the poor in the world – and this includes poor people even in prosperous societies – which are the most serious consequences”, said Rajendra K Pachauri, the chairman of the expert group and an action by India. “Persons are poor are least equipped to be able to adapt to the impacts of climate change and thus in some sense, this is a global responsibility, in my opinion. “

The summary report on the effects of global warming, is part of two of the four part of the IPCC report to be released in stages during the year 2007. The first part, released in February 2007, confirmed with 90 percent certainty that global warming is unstoppable and now the man responsible for a significant proportion of greenhouse gases trapping heat that caused global temperatures to increase dramatically after mid 20th century.

We need urgent action to reduce global warming
Rising global temperatures could bring some temporary benefits, according to the report, and especially to increase food production because of rain and longer growing seasons in the mid-high latitudes and least number of deaths linked to cold. But these scientists expect short-term benefits to be offset by an increase in droughts, floods, water shortages and hunger in other areas, and more deaths and disease around the world.

“It is now clear that we are jointly responsible for warming the past 50 years, and this is already causing adverse changes in our planet,” said Catherine Pearce, climate campaigner for Friends of the Earth International. “Unless we act now to reduce emissions, is much worse to come, condemning millions in the poorest regions of the world for the loss of lives, livelihoods and homes. Climate change is no longer simply an environmental issue. This is a Excluding humanitarian disaster, which ultimately threaten global security and survival. “

Conclusions of the report include:

* Projected climate change are likely to affect millions of people who are already vulnerable. Heat waves, floods, storms, droughts, fires and will result in increased deaths, diseases and other damage. Global warming is also expected to lead to more deaths due to malnutrition, diseases that cause diarrhea, cardiovascular disease associated with high concentrations of ground-level ozone, and a wide distribution of diseases transmitted by insects, rodents etc.

* Millions more people are projected to be at risk of flooding due to rising sea levels, especially in densely populated and low, settlements, which already face other challenges, such as hurricanes and tropical storms.

* About 20-30 percent of plant and animal species assessed so far are likely to be at greater risk of extinction if increases in global average temperature exceed 1.5-2.5 degrees Celsius. The global average temperature has already risen 0.74 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

* During the past century, water supplies stored in glaciers and snow cover are projected to decline, reducing water availability in regions supplied by meltwater from major mountain ranges, where more than a sixth of the world’s population now lives. For example, glacial retreat in the Himalayas will disrupt water supplies downstream, which will affect billions of people across India, China, Nepal and Butão.

* In 2020, 75-250 million people in Africa are exposed to scarcity of water due to climate change.

* During the same period, the income of African rain-fed agriculture in some countries could be reduced by 50 percent.

* Latin America faces a substantial risk of loss of biodiversity by mid-century, as the increase in temperature and soil moisture decreases associated leads to a gradual replacement of tropical forest into savanna in parts of the Amazon region.

* People who live in small islands, such as those found in the Caribbean and the Pacific, are particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels, extreme weather, and deterioration of coastal conditions associated with global warming. Climate change is expected to reduce water resources in many small islands and adversely affect the livelihood of island communities, crippling fisheries, tourism and other key components of island economies.

Environmental scientists in the form of changes in the level of greenhouse gases due to focus on growth to start, that the countries least responsible for damages to help with the consequences of being hard hit Tenke.

Africa, India, poor countries such as South Asia and Egypt, but the strong economic conditions because of damage from climate change, not only because of the geography of the biggest reasons is that they stand the risk of changes necessary to deal not in able to leave.

“As the sinking of the Titanic, catastrophes,” I is not democratic Henry Miller, a researcher at Stanford University, in an interview with The New York Times said. “The cheaper tires with a much higher proportion of passengers were missing. Global warming will we see the same incident.”

U.S. and Western Europe accounts for roughly two about – carbon dioxide, Africa, less than 3 percent responsible for the atmospheric buildup of the third – the intense drought that plagues our nation’s struggle to have left. As a step further and faster and with far closer to the equator to the poles, countries like Malawi in sub – Saharan Africa, heavy dependence on agriculture for survival, are suffering the most.

In Malawi, one in the world, nine out of ten citizens, farmers are the poorest countries, of. In recent years, drought, grain, fish supply, and the country to Murzho to fail due to be useless is in bad shape. While the world’s richest parts to a changing environment by investing in floating homes are able to adapt, flood barriers, wind, electricity and water filtration systems of crop genetic modification, Malawi also to track and predict future climate changes are not equipped to do the job. Broken machines and old technology for $ 160,000 an incredibly low because of government budget, the outgoing country in search of aid going to drop. But, in 1992, the first global warming treaty that countries need assistance in those countries for the climate will help with the industrialized countries promised to be signed, despite the fact that funds are scarce and unequally shared, instead of quickly developing If the poor. Malawi has 14 million inhabitants are waiting for donors for more than a year after the United Nations last May to go for help.

Dhanaur, India, the drought is the least of their problems.

Here, as this village for years Machaty wreak devastation on the fast heavy rain floods. Home, life, and important crops are destroyed, lost is destroyed.

Small measures being taken by the authorities, despite India’s worst flooding in the quality of life to continue. The Streets for weeks at a time, no embankments are completed, and which are unavailable on agricultural products revenue to the food their families suffuse when fields are destroyed, and workers are not dependent.

Last year the government in the subsequent storm of the citizens to inform his first start in the warning system is used. The only available through drinking water and toilet were not.

Michael H. Glantz, national center for atmospheric research, climate risk, a specialist in condition optimistic about the feeling not.

“The third world has its own, he said,” it is very much, and I think it’s own will. “

The study is published in the journal Nature, the British recovered from the unusual to see heavy rain in some areas more than 1 month’s decline in rainfall in the space of several hours. Dr. Peter Toth, climate scientist at the University of Reading and co-author of the paper, said: “This document is understandable, there are a large number of human activities affect global rainfall patterns, including increased precipitation in the north of 50 degrees north latitude, In this area, including the United Kingdom.

“The wet winter in the United Kingdom is expected that this will lead to more extreme precipitation, while summer is expected to be drier. But it may be based on climate change, there will be increased, even in extreme precipitation generally dry.” Recent events related to abnormal Weather conditions, with tropical ocean. The biggest problem in the UK is a great uncertainty about what will happen in the future of extreme rainfall. ”

Dr. Francis Zwiers of the Canadian Climate Center model in Toronto, and his colleagues compared records of global rainfall between 1925 and 1999, a global network of climate history, focusing on the 40 degrees north latitude and between the south and the north of 70 degrees . They pointed out that the focus of the precipitation forecast different climate models – some involving only natural trends and others, taking into account the impact of human activities on climate change.

These models, including the impact of human activities proposed by the heavy rains in the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere in the deep sea in tropical and subtropical and lower rainfall in the tropical and sub-tropical Northern Hemisphere. When the researchers analyzed the historical record, they found more accurate. Global warming is likely to lead to more rainfall because of the higher atmospheric pressure to improve their water vapor.

Boshialun Myers, climate dynamics group at Oxford University, said: “This is a very important document.” We now know that the external drive as volcanic eruptions affect large-scale precipitation, but for the first time this paper fingerprint of human Impact. This means that the precipitation trends, they may indicate the future to find out more. ”

Dr. Huntingford, of the Center for Ecology and Hydrology, said: “It has been confirmed that the burning of fossil fuels have to change the pattern of rainfall at the global level. Here, we have to understand how they found a significant adjustment into the local changes in extreme precipitation events.

“And after that, we have a project in the future, how to carbon dioxide emissions could lead to further changes in local rainfall. This is a very regional rainfall is expected to be very important to help governments prepare for the possibility of some Circumstances, is a dangerous climate change. “

You should take note that carbon cycle of forests is important to accurately predict the global climate warming, which in turn, guides public policy to curb emissions of greenhouse gases. This is particularly important in the northern forests, an estimated 30 percent of the earth soil carbon, the amount of atmospheric carbon.

“We are not a vicious circle of heating dry, boreal forests. Instead we have the contrary, if the warming actually prevent further warming will occur,” said Steven Allison, ecology and evolutionary biology professor and assistant principal author of the study. “The land of natural processes could give us some time to implement responsible policies to combat global warming. ”

Soils in the north contain a high amount of dead carbon from grasses, trees and shrubs. Like humans, fungi and bacteria in the soil of plants use carbon as a food source and convert it into carbon dioxide.

Allison and his colleague, Kathleen Treseder, has tried to find out what happens with the levels of carbon dioxide boreal forest, where the soil does not contain permafrost has warmed. Approximately one third of the world’s boreal forests contain no permafrost, mostly in Alaska, Canada, western Siberia and northern Europe.

Global warming is expected to be the most northern latitudes, the rise in temperatures 5 through 7 degrees Celsius by the year 2100.

The scientists, their experience in a pine forest near Fairbanks, Alaska. They have small greenhouses and identified similar near unheated areas serve as a control. Both areas receive equal amounts of water.

In mid-May, when he started growing season, air and soil temperatures were the same in greenhouses and control plots. If greenhouses were closed, the air temperature is around 5 degrees Celsius, the temperature and the soil is about 1 degree.

Scientists have taken measures in unheated greenhouses and plots and found that by the end of the season in mid-August, the soil in heated greenhouses produces about half more carbon dioxide in the soil cooler than control plots.

A soil analysis showed that about half as much active in samples of fungi were experimental greenhouse in comparison with samples from the controls. When dried mushrooms, whether they die or no longer active and stop producing carbon dioxide, scientists have said.

“It is random for the man, the mushrooms are negatively affected by this warming,” said Treseder, ecology and evolutionary biology Associate Professor. “It is not so great for mushrooms, but could help offset some” carbon we put directly into the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels. “

The amount of solar radiation absorbed on Earth is only a small fraction of the total solar radiation into the atmosphere. Sun value per 100 units incident, about 30 units found in the room by one of the clouds, air, deliberation or regions on earth. This capacity for reflection, the albedo of the planet Earth, and it should not be set in the time since the magnitude and spatial distribution of the training of considerations, such as clouds and ice, may change. The 70 units of the sun’s rays, which are not reflected May be absorbed through the air, the clouds or the surface. In the absence of other complications to the thermodynamic equilibrium of the earth’s surface and the atmosphere must radiate these 70 locations in space. Soil temperature at the surface (and the lower layer of the atmosphere, especially in contact with the surface) is the size of the emission of radiation from the law by Stefan-Boltzmann.

Land of the energy budget is by greenhouse gases. Traces of gases with certain chemical properties of the so-called greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)-absorb a portion of the infrared radiation by the Earth’s surface. Because of this recording, a fraction of the original 70 employees not directly to the escape. Because greenhouse gases exactly the same amount of radiation they absorb and also because this radiation is spent in all directions (which, as far down as shown above), the net effect of absorption by greenhouse gases is an increase in the total amount of radiation emitted down on the earth’s surface and lower atmosphere. To maintain the equilibrium of the earth’s surface and lower atmosphere emits more radiation than the 70 employees. Therefore, the temperature must be higher. This process is not quite the same as in a real, the greenhouse effect, but the effect is similar to an end. The presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere leads to a warming of the surface and lower atmosphere (and cooling earlier in the atmosphere) in comparison to what was expected in the absence of greenhouse gas.

It is important to distinguish between “natural” or background, the greenhouse gases of “enhanced” greenhouse effect associated with the activities of humans. The natural greenhouse effect is with the properties of the surface of natural warming of the atmosphere of the earth, particularly the water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane. The existence of this effect is by all scientists. In fact, in his absence, the mean temperature of the earth from about 33 ° C (59 degrees F) cooler than today, and the earth would be frozen and probably planet uninhabitable. What was controversial is the so-called greenhouse effect, with an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases from human activities. Especially by the burning of fossil fuels increases the concentration of main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and these higher concentrations have the potential heat up the atmosphere by several degrees.

Global warming has been caused and is due to a number of different factors. Global warming is essentially a change in climatic conditions on the ground. These weather conditions are different due to various reasons, external and internal. Changes in weather patterns, and hence global warming may lead to natural disasters or man-made conditions too. Some of the factors that cause global warming emissions are volcanic and solar activity.

According to the theory of solar variation, on Sunday is gaining strength and is the strongest in six decades. Therefore, May is already in operation, which causes global warming. Sunspots also said that one reason or catalyst for global warming. Recent studies suggest that the number of sunspots, which affects directly the next time the earth starts to cool. Sunday is the main source of energy in the field. The land consumes about seventy percent of the earth to the sun flow. This solar flux increases the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere, land and oceans.

Orbital forcing has also said it is one of natural causes global warming. The reports show the effects slowly tilt of the Earth’s axis on the weather, which earth.The greenhouse effect, said it was a vital factor in global warming. When the infrared radiation of the Earth’s atmosphere increases the temperature of the surface is called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect has grown in soil temperatures of around twenty-four per cent.

Carbon dioxide contributes to about twelve percent of the greenhouse gases, but water vapor contributes to thirty-six percent of greenhouse gases. Methane causes five to ten per cent of global warming, the ozone for about three to seven per cent of greenhouse gases can.

Solar variation, said that this was another cause global warming. Changes in the amount of radiant energy emitted by the sun known as solar variation. This solar variation is associated with changes in the Earth’s climate and temperature.

Along with natural causes global warming, scientists have also contributed to the rapid industrialization of the increase in global warming is influenced by the first today.Humans was the warming of the Earth eight thousand years, from agricultural activities. Due to the fact that the felling of forests for agriculture, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased considerably.

Scientists believe that the industrialization of the press various gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, that are known to contribute to global warming. Deforestation is also said to improve global warming. The trees are of high carbon and thus are reducing the growth of carbon into the atmosphere. Humanity is also contributing to the increase of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. Contribution to humanity and global warming due to burning of fossil fuels has increased by about eighty per cent in the past two years.

If the greenhouse effect exists, the temperature of the earth would be about twenty-seven degrees Celsius less. Some scientists believe that human life would be impossible for the planet Earth, where temperatures are lower.

If the greenhouse effect did not exist, the temperature of the earth would be about twenty-seven degrees Celsius less. Some scientists are of the view that human life would be impossible on Earth if the temperature would be much less.

While the study is quite clear about the role of carbon dioxide emissions from human to cause global warming in the Arctic, less known is about the causes of global warming in Antarctica because of the distance.

Some experts believe thats due to greenhouse gases, while others believe the change in the land in the Antarctic happened due to natural fluctuations in climate.

In a study in this week issue of Nature Geoscience, a team of international scientists report the results of a new model they say shows the human footprint on global warming in Antarctica.

Models include the value of 100 years of temperature data from the Arctic and the temperature is around 50 years recorded by the station in Antarctica.

Temperatures in Antarctica have been collected along the coastal regions, according to scientists because it is very difficult to get in the continent.

When the temperature data from the two continents are connected to the model, the scientists said that the man clearly shows the impact of global warming in the South Pole.

Andrew Monaghan is with the U. S. National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado. According to him, News and Views article in Nature.

“That is why this study is important because it shows the human contribution to officially [global warming] for the first time,” he said.

In the teleconference with the press, Monaghan said to be the causes of the increase in temperature was detected along the coast up to half of Antarctica and the frozen, which will lead to greater increases in the sea.

“Although there is no cause that envisioned the next century, there can be a cause of the acceleration [es] melt», he said.

Monaghan expects the effects of global warming will be in Poland, and even after the man to stop greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Man-made Causes

Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green house gas called CO2. Also mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. Methane is naturally in the ground. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well.

Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation, right? Now your probably thinking, “Wait a minute, you said agriculture is going to be damaged by Global Warming, but now you’re saying agriculture is going to help cause Global Warming?” You’re smelling methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is needed we have to raise food. More people means more cars, and more cars means more pollution. Global Warming is caused by many things. While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to create the greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth warm enough to support life, human use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess greenhouse gases. By driving cars, using electricity from coal-fired power plants, or heating our homes with oil or natural gas, we release carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation is another significant source of greenhouse gases, because fewer trees means less carbon dioxide conversion to oxygen.

During the 150 years of the industrial age, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by 31 percent. This increase in trapped heat changes the climate and alters weather patterns, which may hasten species extinction, influence the length of seasons, cause coastal flooding, and lead to more frequent and severe storms.

Natural Causes

Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change.